Which law governs crimes and punishments specific to India?

The law that governs crimes and punishments in India is indeed Criminal Law. This branch of law specifically deals with offenses that are considered harmful to society as a whole, defining what constitutes a crime, the legal procedures for prosecution, and the penalties that may be imposed on individuals who commit these offenses.

Criminal Law establishes the framework within which law enforcement agencies operate and sets the standards for the prosecution of crimes, ensuring that justice is served while protecting the rights of the accused. It encompasses various statutes, such as the Indian Penal Code, which outlines numerous criminal offenses and their corresponding punishments, thereby promoting social order and public safety.

The context of the other options clarifies their distinction from Criminal Law. Civil Law pertains to disputes between individuals or organizations over rights and obligations, focusing on compensation rather than punishment. International Law governs the rules and principles that pertain to the relationships between different countries and cannot be applied to national crimes directly. Common Law, while influential in shaping legal principles, particularly in the context of how laws are interpreted, does not specifically define the crimes and punishments applicable within a single jurisdiction like India does. Therefore, Criminal Law is the appropriate legal framework for addressing crimes and their punishments in the country.